In this unit, we focus on the language of everyday life—your habits, routines, and preferences. You’ll learn to talk about your typical day using the present simple tense, one of the most fundamental structures in English. Whether you want to say what time you wake up, what you eat for breakfast, or how often you go to the gym, the present simple gives you the tools to describe your world clearly and naturally.
We’ll cover how to form affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, and explore adverbs and expressions of frequency like always, usually, sometimes, and never. You’ll also learn how to talk about likes and dislikes using verbs like like, love, and hate followed by gerunds. Through real-life contexts and guided practice, you’ll become more fluent in talking about your daily life and asking others about theirs.

6.1 COMMON DAILY ROUTINES
Objective:
To learn vocabulary and sentence structures to describe daily habits and typical activities using the present simple tense, including time expressions and logical sequencing.

🔁 WHAT ARE DAILY ROUTINES?
Daily routines are actions you do regularly, often at the same time each day. They help describe your lifestyle and structure.
Time of Day    Common Activities
Morning    wake up, get up, brush teeth, take a shower, get dressed, have breakfast
Afternoon    go to work/school, have lunch, study, attend meetings, take a break
Evening    cook dinner, do the dishes, watch TV, relax, talk with family
Night    go to bed, read, fall asleep

🔹 TALKING ABOUT YOUR ROUTINE
Use the present simple for actions you do regularly:
I wake up at 7:00.
He has coffee every morning.
They go to the gym on weekdays.
✅ Include time expressions like:
every day, in the morning, on weekdays, after lunch, at night

🔸 SEQUENCING YOUR ROUTINE
To show the order of your actions, use sequencing words:
Connector    Example
First    First, I wake up at 6:30.
Then    Then I make coffee.
After that    After that, I take a shower.
Later    Later, I start work.
Finally    Finally, I go to bed around 11.

🧠 SENTENCE PATTERNS
I + verb + time → I have lunch at 1 p.m.
She + verb + frequency → She usually exercises in the evening.
They + verb + place → They go to school by bus.
Use adverbs of frequency to describe how often:
always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

❗ COMMON MISTAKES
Mistake    Correction    Explanation
I wake up and I take a breakfast.    I wake up and have breakfast.    “Take” is not used with meals
Later I go to my job.    Later I go to work.    Say “go to work” (not “my job”)
After to eat, I read.    After eating, I read.    Use verb + -ing after “after”

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Liam: What’s your typical weekday like?
Sofia: I wake up at 6:45, then I have a quick shower and get dressed.
Liam: Do you have breakfast at home?
Sofia: Not usually. I grab coffee on the way to work. I start at 8:30.
Liam: And after work?
Sofia: I finish at 5, go to the gym, then head home to cook dinner.
Liam: Sounds like a full day!
Sofia: It is. But I always relax with a book before bed.

6.2 PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE FORMS
Objective:
To understand and correctly use the present simple tense in affirmative sentences to describe routines, habits, and general truths.

🔹 WHEN DO WE USE THE PRESENT SIMPLE?
Use the present simple to talk about:
•    Daily routines and habits → I wake up at 7.
•    General facts and truths → Water boils at 100°C.
•    Schedules and fixed events → The train leaves at 10.

🧱 SENTENCE STRUCTURE: AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Subject    Verb Rule    Example
I / You / We / They    base verb    They live in London.
He / She / It    base verb + -s/es    She works from home.

🔸 SPELLING RULES FOR THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
Ending    Rule    Example
Most verbs    Add -s    He plays tennis.
Verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o    Add -es    She watches TV.
Verbs ending in consonant + y    Change “y” to “i” + es    He studies English.
Verbs ending in vowel + y    Just add -s    She enjoys music.
✅ Pay attention to pronunciation differences too:
works /s/, plays /z/, watches /ɪz/

🔹 COMMON TIME EXPRESSIONS
every day, on weekdays, in the evening
usually, always, sometimes, never
Example: He always checks his email in the morning.

🧠 AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE EXAMPLES
I go to the gym every Monday.
She starts work at nine.
We have lunch at noon.
The bus arrives at 8:15.
✅ Use this tense for all fixed and repeated actions.

❗ COMMON MISTAKES
Mistake    Correction    Why?
She go to school.    She goes to school.    Missing -es for “she”
He don’t like coffee.    He doesn’t like coffee.    Wrong form; this is negative
They works at night.    They work at night.    No -s for “they”

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Ben: What time do you start work?
Aria: I usually start at 9 a.m., but on Mondays I start earlier.
Ben: Do you take a lunch break?
Aria: Yes, I have lunch around 1. My coworker eats earlier. He eats at noon.
Ben: I work from home, so my routine is different.
Aria: That’s nice. I travel every day, but I like the structure.

6.3 PRESENT SIMPLE: NEGATIVE FORMS
Objective:
To learn how to form and use negative sentences in the present simple tense to talk about things you don’t do, don’t like, or that don’t happen regularly.

🔹 STRUCTURE OF NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Subject + do/does not + base verb
Subject    Auxiliary    Example
I / You / We / They    don’t    They don’t eat meat.
He / She / It    doesn’t    She doesn’t like coffee.
✅ Use the base form of the main verb — never add -s after doesn’t.

🔸 CONTRACTIONS
Full Form    Contraction
do not    don’t
does not    doesn’t
Contractions are preferred in spoken English and informal writing:
I don’t work on weekends. / He doesn’t drive.

🔹 NEGATIVE SENTENCE EXAMPLES
I don’t drink tea in the morning.
She doesn’t speak French.
We don’t go to the gym on Sundays.
It doesn’t rain much here in summer.

🧠 COMMON PATTERNS
They don’t work on Fridays.
He doesn’t watch TV at night.
You don’t need to call me every day.
The train doesn’t stop at this station.

❗ COMMON MISTAKES
Mistake    Correction    Explanation
She don’t like chocolate.    She doesn’t like chocolate.    Use “doesn’t” with third person
He doesn’t plays football.    He doesn’t play football.    Main verb must be in base form
We no go to school on Sunday.    We don’t go to school on Sunday.    English needs an auxiliary verb

🔸 NEGATIVE WITH FREQUENCY EXPRESSIONS
Positive    Negative
I always drink coffee.    I don’t always drink coffee.
He usually works late.    He doesn’t usually work late.
They go running every day.    They don’t go running every day.

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Nora: Do you take the bus to work?
Jason: No, I don’t. I usually walk or ride my bike.
Nora: That’s nice. I don’t like public transport—it’s always crowded.
Jason: Yeah, I get that. My sister doesn’t live nearby, so she drives every day.
Nora: I don’t even have a car!
Jason: Honestly, you don’t need one in this city.

6.4 PRESENT SIMPLE: INTERROGATIVE FORMS
Objective:
To form and use yes/no and wh- questions in the present simple tense to ask about habits, routines, and general information.

🔹 STRUCTURE OF YES/NO QUESTIONS
Do / Does + subject + base verb
Subject    Auxiliary    Example
I / You / We / They    do    Do you work on Saturdays?
He / She / It    does    Does she play tennis?
✅ The main verb is always in its base form (no -s, even with “does”).

🔸 SHORT ANSWERS
Question    Positive    Negative
Do you like pizza?    Yes, I do.    No, I don’t.
Does he study in the morning?    Yes, he does.    No, he doesn’t.
Do they live here?    Yes, they do.    No, they don’t.
Avoid repeating the full sentence. Use do/does as the response verb.

🔹 WH- QUESTIONS (INFORMATION QUESTIONS)
Use question words to ask for specific information.
Wh- Word    Example
What    What do you do in the evening?
Where    Where does she live?
When    When do they arrive?
Why    Why does he wake up early?
How    How do you get to work?
Who (as subject)    Who plays the guitar? (No auxiliary)
✅ Structure: Wh-word + do/does + subject + base verb
✅ If “who” is the subject, use present simple directly:
Who works here? ✅

🧠 COMMON QUESTIONS IN DAILY USE
Do you go to the gym often?
Does your brother live in Madrid?
What time do you get up?
How many hours does she work?
Why don’t they eat meat?

❗ COMMON MISTAKES
Mistake    Correction    Why?
You work on Sunday?    Do you work on Sunday?    Missing auxiliary
Where you go?    Where do you go?    Use “do” to form question
Does he likes music?    Does he like music?    No -s after “does”
What do means this word?    What does this word mean?    Wrong order and verb form

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Eva: Do you always get up this early?
Leo: I usually do. I start work at 7 a.m.
Eva: Wow. What time do you go to bed?
Leo: Around ten. Why?
Eva: Just curious. My schedule is the opposite—I’m a night owl.
Leo: That’s fair. What do you usually do at night?
Eva: I read, watch series, or write. I don’t like mornings at all!

6.5 ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY
Objective:
To use adverbs and time expressions to describe how often actions happen, and to understand where these words go in present simple sentences.

🔹 COMMON ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Adverb    Frequency    Example
always    100%    She always checks her email.
usually    80–90%    I usually have coffee in the morning.
often    60–70%    They often go out on Fridays.
sometimes    40–50%    We sometimes take the train.
rarely    10–20%    He rarely eats breakfast.
never    0%    I never watch TV in bed.
✅ These adverbs go before the main verb, but after “to be”.

🔸 WORD ORDER RULES
Verb Type    Word Order    Example
With main verb    Subject + adverb + verb    They often study at night.
With “to be”    Subject + “be” + adverb    She is always on time.
With auxiliaries    Subject + auxiliary + adverb + verb    We don’t usually eat out.

🔹 TIME EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY
Used at the beginning or end of the sentence:
Expression    Example
every day    I walk to work every day.
once a week    She goes to yoga once a week.
twice a month    We meet twice a month.
three times a year    He travels three times a year.
on weekends    They relax on weekends.
in the morning    I study in the morning.
✅ These expressions help give a specific schedule.

🧠 COMBINING ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS
I usually go to the gym in the evening.
He is never late for class.
We sometimes eat out on Fridays.
They are often tired after work.
Use both to give more detail about your routine.

❗ COMMON MISTAKES
Mistake    Correction    Why?
I go always to bed late.    I always go to bed late.    Adverb goes before the verb
He never is on time.    He is never on time.    Adverb comes after “to be”
We see each other one time at week.    We see each other once a week.    Wrong structure for frequency

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Amira: Do you work out often?
Josh: Yeah, I usually go to the gym three times a week.
Amira: Nice! I’m not that consistent. I sometimes do yoga on weekends.
Josh: That still counts. My brother never exercises—he just works all the time.
Amira: That’s not healthy. I try to stay active, even if it’s just walking every day.
Josh: Same here. I always take the stairs instead of the elevator.

6.6 VERB SPELLING RULES IN THE THIRD PERSON
Objective:
To understand and apply the correct spelling changes for regular verbs in the third person singular form of the present simple tense.

🔹 BASIC RULE
For he / she / it, most verbs simply add -s:
He works at a hospital.
She eats breakfast at 8.
It rains a lot in spring.

🔸 SPECIAL SPELLING RULES
1. VERBS ENDING IN -S, -SH, -CH, -X, -Z, -O
➡ Add -es
Verb    Third Person Form
watch    watches
go    goes
fix    fixes
do    does
teach    teaches
push    pushes
✅ This change helps with pronunciation — the -es adds a syllable: teaches = /ˈtiːtʃɪz/

2. VERBS ENDING IN CONSONANT + -Y
➡ Change -y to -i and add -es
Verb    Third Person Form
study    studies
carry    carries
try    tries
⚠ Don’t forget to remove the “y” and add “ies”.
3. VERBS ENDING IN VOWEL + -Y
➡ Just add -s
Verb    Third Person Form
play    plays
enjoy    enjoys
say    says
✅ No spelling change needed if the letter before “y” is a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).

🔹 IRREGULAR VERB ALERT: “HAVE” → “HAS”
He has lunch at noon.
She has a dog.
✅ Memorize this irregular form — it’s very common.

❗ COMMON MISTAKES MISTAKE | CORRECTION | EXPLANATION |
| She go to school. | She goes to school. | Add -es for “go”
| He studys medicine. | He studies medicine. | Change -y to -ies
| It don’t rain here. | It doesn’t rain here. | Grammar error: use “doesn’t”
| She have a brother. | She has a brother. | Irregular verb “have”

🧠 PRONUNCIATION TIPS
works → /wɜːks/ → /s/ sound
loves → /lʌvz/ → /z/ sound
washes → /ˈwɒʃɪz/ → /ɪz/ sound
The final -s sounds different depending on the verb ending.

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Isabel: Your son plays football, right?
Tom: Yes, he plays every weekend. He also watches matches on TV.
Isabel: My daughter studies ballet. She practices twice a week.
Tom: That’s great. My wife teaches dance at the community center.
Isabel: Really? That’s impressive! My husband fixes electronics, but he never dances!
Tom: Mine doesn’t either. But he enjoys watching.

6.7 USING “LIKE”, “LOVE”, “HATE” + GERUNDS
Objective:
To express preferences and opinions using verbs like like, love, and hate followed by gerunds (verb + -ing), and to avoid common mistakes in structure.

🔹 EXPRESSING PREFERENCES
Use like, love, hate, enjoy, don’t like, don’t mind + verb-ing to talk about general likes and dislikes.
Verb    Example Sentence
like    I like reading before bed.
love    She loves cooking Italian food.
hate    He hates waiting in line.
enjoy    We enjoy going to the beach.
don’t like    They don’t like walking in the rain.
don’t mind    I don’t mind getting up early.
✅ The second verb always takes -ing (a gerund), not the base form.

🔸 SENTENCE PATTERNS
Subject + like/love/hate + verb-ing + (complement)
I love listening to jazz.
He doesn’t like studying late at night.
Do you enjoy playing video games?
You can also add intensifiers: really, absolutely, kind of, a bit
I really enjoy watching documentaries.
She absolutely hates ironing.

🔹 QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES
Type    Example
Yes/No    Do you like dancing? / Does he like reading?
Wh-    What do you love doing on weekends?
Negative    He doesn’t like cleaning. / We don’t enjoy waiting.
✅ Use do/does for questions and negatives in the present simple.

🔸 TALKING ABOUT ACTIVITIES WITH GERUNDS
Activity Type    Example
Sports    I love swimming. / She likes running.
Hobbies    They enjoy painting.
Daily tasks    I don’t like cooking at night.
Social activities    We like meeting new people.

❗ COMMON MISTAKES
Mistake    Correction    Why?
I like to read books. (ok but formal)    I like reading books. ✅    Gerunds are more natural in casual speech
He likes cook.    He likes cooking.    Verb must take -ing
She don’t likes studying.    She doesn’t like studying.    Grammar error: third person + negative
They enjoys go out.    They enjoy going out.    Wrong verb form + missing -ing

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Carlos: Do you like working from home?
Maya: I do. I love having a flexible schedule.
Carlos: Same here. I also enjoy cooking my own meals.
Maya: I don’t mind cooking, but I hate doing the dishes!
Carlos: Me too. And I really don’t like waking up early.
Maya: I actually don’t mind it. I like starting the day with a walk.

6.8 TALKING ABOUT HABITS AND PREFERENCES
Objective:
To talk fluently about personal habits and preferences using the present simple, frequency adverbs, and expressions that describe regular activities and likes/dislikes.

🔹 DESCRIBING HABITS
Use the present simple to talk about things you do regularly:
I drink coffee every morning.
She checks her email before work.
We always have dinner at 8.
✅ Add adverbs of frequency: usually, often, sometimes, never

🔸 TALKING ABOUT PREFERENCES
Use verbs like like, prefer, love, enjoy, don’t like, hate with:
1.    Gerunds:
I like reading at night.
She prefers staying home on Sundays.
2.    Nouns:
He loves chocolate.
They hate loud music.
3.    Would rather / Would prefer (more formal/precise):
I’d rather stay in than go out.
She would prefer coffee over tea.

🧠 EXPRESSING DEGREES OF PREFERENCE
Expression    Example
I really like…    I really like learning languages.
I kind of like…    I kind of like spicy food.
I don’t really like…    I don’t really like driving at night.
I absolutely love…    I absolutely love traveling.
I can’t stand…    I can’t stand crowded places.

🔹 TALKING ABOUT SOMEONE ELSE’S HABITS
Subject    Example Sentence
He / She    She usually takes the bus to work.
My brother    My brother plays video games every night.
My parents    My parents love going to the theater.
Use -s or -es for third person singular verbs:
He gets up at 7.
She finishes at 6.

🔸 COMPARING HABITS AND PREFERENCES
I like exercising in the morning, but my partner prefers the evening.
We usually eat out on Saturdays, but our friends never do.
✅ Use contrast words like but, however, while to show differences.

❗ COMMON MISTAKES
Mistake    Correction    Why?
I am going to gym every day.    I go to the gym every day.    Present simple for habits
She like cook.    She likes cooking.    Verb + -ing after “like”
He don’t drinks tea.    He doesn’t drink tea.    Use “doesn’t” + base verb

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Naomi: Do you usually eat out on the weekends?
Eric: Not really. I prefer cooking at home. I like trying new recipes.
Naomi: That’s cool. I often eat out—especially on Fridays.
Eric: I don’t mind it now and then, but I absolutely love staying in.
Naomi: I guess we have different habits. I also go jogging every Saturday.
Eric: I can’t stand jogging! I do yoga instead.

6.9 UNIT 6 REVIEW
Objective:
To review and consolidate all the essential grammar and vocabulary from Unit 6 about daily activities, present simple tense, routines, and preferences.

📘 WHAT YOU LEARNED IN THIS UNIT
🔹 DAILY ROUTINES
Actions like wake up, get dressed, go to work, have lunch, relax, go to bed
Use present simple to describe routines:
→ I start work at 9 a.m. / She finishes at 6.

🔹 PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, INTERROGATIVE
He plays the guitar.
She doesn’t drive to work.
Do you live nearby?
Use “do/does” for questions and negatives
Third person singular adds -s or –es

🔹 FREQUENCY AND HABITS
Adverbs: always, usually, sometimes, rarely, never
Time phrases: every day, once a week, in the morning, on weekends

🔹 SPELLING RULES
study → studies, go → goes, watch → watches, fix → fixes
have → has for third person singular

🔹 TALKING ABOUT PREFERENCES
I like swimming. / She loves reading. / They don’t enjoy cooking.
Verbs + gerunds: enjoy going, hate waiting, prefer walking

🔹 SPEAKING AND LISTENING SKILLS

Use sequencing: first, then, after that, finally
Describe your routine clearly and naturally
Ask about others: What do you usually do in the evening?

💬 EXAMPLE DIALOG
Sara: What do you normally do during the week?
Joel: I work Monday to Friday. I usually get up at 6:30, go for a run, then have breakfast.
Sara: That’s impressive. I’m not a morning person—I get up around 8.
Joel: What about work?
Sara: I start at 9. I work from home, so I don’t need to commute.
Joel: That’s great. I like going to the office—it helps me focus.
Sara: I enjoy working alone. I usually take a long break at lunch to cook something nice.
Joel: I just grab something quick. I don’t really enjoy cooking!